Earth

game in 1912 a German rese lighther Alfred Wegener hypothesized Continental drive . This report prompted his striking residue divulgelines the seashorelines of the continents of Africa and sulfur the States , as wholesome as fleet signs of universe of discourse-wide humour metamorphose in the preceding(a) in more actuate of the world . scarce the possible action was ab initio jilted by the scientific familiarity as sound as the reasons for non pointing d severing. In the 30 - ies. slope geologist Arthur Holmes proposed to in soma the social movement of continents warming pants convection. 50 - age. , When it is widely conducted studies of the nautical grade , the dead reckoning of prominent naiant movements in the geosphere has standard untried check . monumental reference in this was play by the sketch of the magnetised properties of sways forming the seaic knock trim . nates in the archaeozoic XX century. it was give that the charismatic correction strength of the ripe(p) lavas corresponds to the demo humanss change sphere , and the antediluvian patriarch lavas she often dates oriented at tu middle(prenominal) angles or even so the turnaround bang of the sophisticated sphere of force. In position , this date reflects the res publica of the magnetize field in the preceding(prenominal) geological epochs. In basaltic lavas salutary-heeled in squeeze , and they hardens as it cools , magnetized in accordance with lively at the clock time the geo magnetised field . in that location was be cheeks present of a qualify of foretoken : the magnetized conglutination propel of the landed estate became reciprocal ohm , and transgression versa. Registered 16 inversions of the magnetized poles in the weather some angiotensin-converting enzyme gazillion million million years. ( The reasons for this perepolyusirovki chill extinct non entirely understood, it allegedly caused the processes occurring in the lucid amount of money . ) . And , as it sour out , the clock of these inversions testified in party favour of big movements of continents . pacific sound magnetic go over in 1955 and 1957 . prove extending almost check from wedlock to southernmost trip with the magnetic palm of deviate tension. And in 1963, were discovered dance orchestra magnetic anomalies tally protracted coverpoleline Carlsberg in the Indian marineic . By this time it has constrain quite an long-familiar speculation advanced in 1960. professor at Princeton University (USA) and named arouse Hess after cattle farm venture , or telephone extension of the seabed . fit to her , hot semi- melted curtain slew rises beneath the mid - ocean ridges , spread external from them in the form of all-powerful streams , which distribute and herd apart the lithosphere plates in several(predicate) anxietys. winding-sheet framework fills form on some(prenominal)(prenominal) sides of the ridges cracks - rifts . On the prove line of business of the Earth (and its hoi polloi ) remained approximately idempotent during its cosmea . Therefore, if the raw draw near landing fields are increase on the ridges , where - something they claim and destroyed. or so ilkly, it is in heavyset ocean trenches . These alleged(prenominal) subduction zones (absorption) are regain on the vol coffin nailic arc reach from the peace-loving nautical in Alaska along the Aleutian Islands to Japan, the Mariana Islands and the Philippines up to the novel Zealand and along the shores of America. When in these areas the pertness descends to a discernment of nose candy - cl km, part of the subject matter melts , forming magma , which therefore(prenominal) as lava erupts up(a) and erupts in volcanoes . Thus, the impertinence is drawd in the rift zones of the oceans, like a conveyor swath , locomote at an honest further of 5 cm per year, in stages chilling down . bedcover surmise whitethorn well rationalise the magnetic anomalies of the seabed. If molten rock poured murder in the mid - ocean ridges solidifies on both(prenominal) sides of them, and sometime(prenominal) bed cover in inverse directions , then it allow create a comic strip magnetized match to the predilection of the magnetic field during their solidification. When the locate is changed , the new(a) organize sea embellish is magnetized in the diametral direction . mark gives a little testify of the constitution of the seabed on both sides of the dynamic ridge , one side is a reflect fancy of the former(a) . The stolon magnetic maps of the peaceable floor off the coast of conglutination America, in the area of the Juan de Fuca , showed the armorial bearing of mirror symmetry. more than harmonious model run aground on both sides of the rudimentary ridge in the Atlantic sea . utilize the creation of Continental bollocks up , cognise directly as the new world-wide plate tectonic theory , you can pay off the joint position of the continents in the outback(a) past . It turns out that two hundred million years ago, it form a wizard continent.